Country Comparison

United States

China

United Kingdom

Documents

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	1950	125	655
1997	1955	135	692
1998	1895	131	738
1999	2011	128	905
2000	2183	208	1016
2001	2185	214	992
2002	2250	201	931
2003	2451	231	828
2004	2450	280	900
2005	2476	355	945
2006	2477	450	920
2007	2404	551	1023
2008	2469	620	1017
2009	2698	699	979
2010	2678	753	966
2011	2755	808	973
2012	2914	846	1141
2013	2917	948	1218
2014	2865	987	1092
2015	3045	928	1189
2016	2913	943	1205
2017	2975	902	1285
2018	3094	937	1338
2019	3134	1355	1445
2020	3008	1587	1784
2021	3228	1774	1628
2022	2810	2065	1680
2023	3399	2582	1579

Citable documents

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	1921	125	652
1997	1940	135	682
1998	1872	131	700
1999	1942	128	746
2000	2122	208	805
2001	2139	214	830
2002	2179	200	745
2003	2301	230	767
2004	2260	280	824
2005	2265	355	833
2006	2255	450	813
2007	2167	550	932
2008	2231	616	939
2009	2450	696	871
2010	2407	744	847
2011	2437	802	835
2012	2590	831	982
2013	2650	925	1056
2014	2572	952	940
2015	2643	894	959
2016	2578	905	987
2017	2680	877	1074
2018	2811	918	1163
2019	2877	1328	1127
2020	2706	1527	1210
2021	2937	1730	1196
2022	2576	1997	1275
2023	3089	2529	1212

Non-citable documents

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	29	0	3
1997	15	0	10
1998	23	0	38
1999	69	0	159
2000	61	0	211
2001	46	0	162
2002	71	1	186
2003	150	1	61
2004	190	0	76
2005	211	0	112
2006	222	0	107
2007	237	1	91
2008	238	4	78
2009	248	3	108
2010	271	9	119
2011	318	6	138
2012	324	15	159
2013	267	23	162
2014	293	35	152
2015	402	34	230
2016	335	38	218
2017	295	25	211
2018	283	19	175
2019	257	27	318
2020	302	60	574
2021	291	44	432
2022	234	68	405
2023	310	53	367

Cited documents

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	1790	77	638
1997	1821	89	666
1998	1767	79	695
1999	1852	86	742
2000	1994	136	815
2001	1982	144	808
2002	2006	148	767
2003	2164	159	746
2004	2088	193	807
2005	2174	246	838
2006	2188	327	814
2007	2142	401	918
2008	2210	487	935
2009	2347	556	885
2010	2401	602	858
2011	2458	660	864
2012	2580	721	978
2013	2589	819	1057
2014	2588	846	949
2015	2668	803	999
2016	2558	821	1003
2017	2573	840	1084
2018	2696	860	1113
2019	2716	1195	1096
2020	2552	1364	1222
2021	2612	1423	1100
2022	1937	1430	932
2023	1107	833	461

Non-cited documents

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	160	48	17
1997	134	46	26
1998	128	52	43
1999	159	42	163
2000	189	72	201
2001	203	70	184
2002	244	53	164
2003	287	72	82
2004	362	87	93
2005	302	109	107
2006	289	123	106
2007	262	150	105
2008	259	133	82
2009	351	143	94
2010	277	151	108
2011	297	148	109
2012	334	125	163
2013	328	129	161
2014	277	141	143
2015	377	125	190
2016	355	122	202
2017	402	62	201
2018	398	77	225
2019	418	160	349
2020	456	223	562
2021	616	351	528
2022	873	635	748
2023	2292	1749	1118

Cites

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	71660	887	20590
1997	76783	1295	22283
1998	73766	1043	22902
1999	70342	1381	27205
2000	86388	2256	30755
2001	83367	2324	31409
2002	88558	2945	31378
2003	95181	3469	28328
2004	87394	3837	35165
2005	95391	4083	30984
2006	87515	5826	30709
2007	87907	7283	31961
2008	98609	11066	33646
2009	86857	13375	30653
2010	90922	16166	26290
2011	82810	16924	25903
2012	76068	19266	27330
2013	72481	17474	27289
2014	72531	19005	24450
2015	65770	18402	23042
2016	54539	14885	18879
2017	52778	15457	22050
2018	56595	16791	22272
2019	39935	16330	14594
2020	33140	19499	15631
2021	21122	10587	9205
2022	8826	6231	3938
2023	2675	1780	1078

External Cites

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	48778	730	16835
1997	51986	1063	18000
1998	50046	896	18489
1999	48178	1237	22420
2000	60902	1902	25321
2001	59271	2004	25947
2002	63023	2389	26659
2003	67886	2957	23482
2004	63230	2996	30000
2005	68073	3232	25776
2006	63248	4435	25518
2007	63071	5636	26457
2008	71271	8192	27866
2009	61887	10020	25139
2010	64707	12584	21506
2011	58569	12454	20886
2012	53030	14295	22505
2013	51288	12257	22275
2014	51955	13055	20224
2015	47065	12300	18506
2016	38732	9941	15311
2017	38243	9792	18111
2018	41968	10912	18882
2019	29280	9609	11705
2020	24131	12824	12835
2021	15261	5711	7374
2022	6125	3191	3088
2023	1726	863	775

Self Cites

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	22882	157	3755
1997	24797	232	4283
1998	23720	147	4413
1999	22164	144	4785
2000	25486	354	5434
2001	24096	320	5462
2002	25535	556	4719
2003	27295	512	4846
2004	24164	841	5165
2005	27318	851	5208
2006	24267	1391	5191
2007	24836	1647	5504
2008	27338	2874	5780
2009	24970	3355	5514
2010	26215	3582	4784
2011	24241	4470	5017
2012	23038	4971	4825
2013	21193	5217	5014
2014	20576	5950	4226
2015	18705	6102	4536
2016	15807	4944	3568
2017	14535	5665	3939
2018	14627	5879	3390
2019	10655	6721	2889
2020	9009	6675	2796
2021	5861	4876	1831
2022	2701	3040	850
2023	949	917	303

% International Collaboration

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	24.97	9.60	18.93
1997	17.90	12.59	16.91
1998	21.00	6.87	17.34
1999	19.54	13.28	13.48
2000	20.02	13.46	15.16
2001	20.37	17.76	18.25
2002	22.04	18.41	24.92
2003	26.32	14.72	27.17
2004	30.33	17.14	31.67
2005	29.52	16.34	28.68
2006	30.20	11.33	28.59
2007	31.95	15.79	26.20
2008	39.81	20.65	32.84
2009	30.24	17.17	31.05
2010	32.08	21.91	30.95
2011	33.72	22.40	37.00
2012	33.08	24.59	33.22
2013	37.57	23.84	36.45
2014	37.77	24.52	35.99
2015	37.64	24.25	34.90
2016	40.51	21.85	36.60
2017	40.71	29.05	36.03
2018	44.12	32.34	41.70
2019	46.75	23.10	37.65
2020	47.67	22.75	36.21
2021	47.34	19.45	37.96
2022	51.74	18.84	34.76
2023	50.22	16.00	43.45

% Open Access

Year	United States	China	United Kingdom
1996	11.44	21.60	6.72
1997	13.71	16.30	7.66
1998	14.04	17.56	7.72
1999	13.87	23.44	8.07
2000	12.46	22.12	14.76
2001	12.49	27.57	17.94
2002	13.24	22.89	23.31
2003	13.95	20.78	23.07
2004	14.61	15.36	27.33
2005	15.63	24.51	29.31
2006	20.43	15.78	27.61
2007	20.76	15.61	27.76
2008	26.12	20.00	27.24
2009	29.84	16.02	28.60
2010	31.85	18.86	29.50
2011	37.60	24.88	35.56
2012	38.74	31.68	34.09
2013	39.18	29.96	35.06
2014	40.59	30.70	38.46
2015	42.13	33.30	34.23
2016	41.78	34.25	41.83
2017	40.71	28.60	45.68
2018	43.24	35.75	53.66
2019	41.99	37.20	54.39
2020	45.98	37.18	66.03
2021	47.37	45.32	62.22
2022	48.65	43.29	60.42
2023	41.42	43.69	57.57